There are many new and innovative manufacturing processes for hand models, including 3D printing. But CNC processing is still a common way of mass production of parts. There are several methods of CNC hand plate processing that we know as follows:

1. turning

Turning simply involves clamping the workpiece firmly on a rotating plate or a mandrel. When the workpiece rotates, the cutting tool is fixed against the fixing device installed on the moving slider. The slider can move up and down along the length of the workpiece, as well as close to or away from the center line. This simple operation is ideal for removing large amounts of material. In addition, drills mounted on the tailstock of a lathe can drill precise holes; lathes are used to form concentric shapes around the periphery of circular components; slots, ring slots, step shoulders, internal and external threads, cylinders and shafts are manufactured on lathes - many circular or circular features.

2. milling

Milling differs in that the workpiece remains stationary and the cutting tool rotates on the mandrel. Workpieces are usually held horizontally in machine vises and mounted on workbenches moving in X and Y directions. The spindle can hold various cutters and move on X, Y and Z axes. Milling cutters are used to make square/plane, notches, chamfers, channels, profiles, keyways and other features that depend on precise cutting angles. Like metal processing operations, cutting fluids are used to cool workpieces and cutting tools, lubricate and wash away metal particles or chips.

3. grinding

Grinding flat surfaces on metal parts is important for many applications, and the way to produce such precise surfaces is to use a grinder. The grinding machine is a rotating disc covered with abrasive grains with specific roughness. The workpiece is mounted on the worktable and moves horizontally back and forth on the sliding table under the grinding wheel, or sometimes remains stable when the grinding wheel moves. Depending on the material being ground, different types of abrasives are used. The thermal and mechanical stresses in the grinding process may adversely affect the workpiece, so the tool speed and temperature are carefully controlled.

4.EDM

Solid EDM is used to make pits, holes and square features inside hardened tool steels. It is difficult, if not impossible, to make other methods. It is usually used in plastic injection and pressure casting moulds, rarely used in the finished products themselves. EDM is also used to make texture surface or indentation (indentation) letters and marks on the die.

5. wire cutting

Wire cutting uses copper wire as conductor of high voltage charge. Because the conductor is corroded steadily during cutting, new wires are supplied from the spool. This technique needs to be passed and cannot be used for blind holes. Wire cutting is used on thick, hardened tool steels to create circular or semicircular features, which will be difficult to manufacture with conventional cutting tools.

6. Optical grinding

Optical grinding is only about processing metals, but CNC processing is also used to make special optics for glass or plastics. Optical devices require fine surfaces with tight tolerances, so special grinding equipment is used to rotate the grinding wheel relative to the surface when rotating on multiple axes.